Internal combustion engine



May 19, 1936- v. F. ZAHODIAKIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed June 8, 1935 INVENTOR;

ATTORNEYS Patented May 19, 1936 UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE vicar F. Zahodiakin, Cincinnati, Ohio Application June 8, 1933, Serial No. 674,892

10 Claims.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and is particularly related to improvements in the structure of the valves for the engine, having particular application to the general type of valve disclosed in my Patent No. 1,950,911,

July 28,- 1932.

These valves are arranged to operate coaxially one within the other. In a more detailed sense, the inletvalve operates relative to a fixed seat within the exhaust valve and the exhaust valve operates relative to a seat disposed about the top of the combustion chamber. The exhaust valve, as will be apparent, is cylindrical or of the sleeve type and for purposes ofstabilityand protection operates within cylindrical guideways, the outside one of these guides extending substantially to the headof the valve. The heat generated by the explosion in the chamber and the expelled hot gases from the chamber in the exhaust stroke of the piston create intense heat at the region of the exhaust valve head. All of the parts of the motor atthis point are in an environment of constant operating heat tending to damageand destroy the metal over a period of time.

Due tothe fact that the protective guideway is extended about the exhaust valve substantially to its head and across the exhaust passageway, it occurs that the hot gases passing between the exhause valve head and its seat, the head being of flared structure, have heretofore been directed against this guideway, resulting in undue burning of the metal and excessive heat, deforming the parts and weakening the tensile strength thereof.

Accordingly, it is the object of this invention to provide an improved exhaust valve, particularly exhaust valve head, which, bythe provision of a deflective formation in the flared head thereof, directs the exhaust gases as they pass by the seat and head away from the protective sleeve or guideway, thus reducing materially the ravages of heat and the products of combustion on this guideway element, and at the same time directing the heat away from the sliding portion or stem of the exhaust valve adjacent the head.

Other objects and further advantages will be more fully apparent from a description of the accompanyingdrawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary sectional view taken throughthe cylinder andexhaust passageway of an internal combustion engine, illustrating the exhaust valve in'closed position and showing the improved 'valve head therefor.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken similar to Figure 1, but showing the exhaust valve in open position for illustrating the function of the improved head structure in the deflection of hot gases.

In view of the fact that the present improvements are solely in connection with the exhaust 5 valve and relate to the function of this valve for deflecting the hot gases from the guideway and the slidable portion or stem of the valve, the illustration is confined to the locality of one of the valve assemblies of the motor, the valve in head I0 type being selected for the purpose of disclosing the present improvements.

The engine type is generally indicated at 5 and is inclusive of a cylinder block 6 and cylinder head I. The cylinder bore is indicated at 8 l5 and the combustion chamber. portion. inthehead at 9, there being no showing of the piston since its relation is well understood. The. combustion chamber includes an exhaust port .lll,;coaxially extended from the cylinder and the combustion 2O chamber and entering into or communicating with a laterally extended exhaust passageway .l l. The exhaust valve seat I 2 is also concentric or coaxial being about the interior of the combustion chamber or marginally of the outlet thereof. 25 The valve assemblyis entered throughthe head coaxially of the cylinder and is of the following construction. j

A fixed guide I3 is mounted on the. head and includes a depending cylindricalportion 14 extend- O ing within the exhaustpassageway and terminating to provide an inlet valve seat [5 just above the plane of ,the exhaust valve seat.. An inlet valve mounting in the form of aspider supported tubular portion [6 is axially arranged in the cy- 35 lindrical guideway and a removable guide 11 of sleeve form is mounted in this v'alve mounting or valve support.

The inlet valve I8 is slidably mounted in the guide I1 and has its head l9 engaging the hori- 4o zontally disposed lower end of the fixed guide, the incoming charge of gas being introduced through the hollow cylinder and past the inlet valve when unseated.

The exhaust valve 20 is of cylindrical form 45 generally with a flared head 2| and is telescopically mounted over the cylindrical portion M. An externalguide of sleeve form 22 is mounted about the exhaust valve and extends across the exhaust passageway terminating slightly above the ex- 50 haust'outlet opening or a point substantially in the same plane as'the lower end of the inlet valve seat l5. This guide extends downwardly as far as feasible, that is to say, insofar as it will not interfere with the seating of the exhaust valve. 55'

The flared lower end of the exhaust valve is arranged so that its extreme extended end seats against the angular exhaust valve seat. This flared head portion of the exhaust valve includes an annular bead or hump 23 for gas deflecting purposes.

The flare described in detail in cross section is formed on three radii; one forming the bead 23 which is intermediate, another forming the curved portion 24 connecting the bead to the stem or slidably mounted portion of the valve, and the third forming a curved and flared seating end 25 of the valve. As will be apparent from Figure 2, when the valve is open the hot gases strike this last mentioned curved portion 25, the outer surface of which is concave and the discharge gases are directed in a circular path off the bead as a result of contact with this concave annular surface.

The bead is sufficiently extended to cause the hot gas flow to clear the extended end of the guideway 22, it being clear also that the hot gases cannot be directed against the exposed guide stem portion of the valve when the valve is in open position. This is important since at this time it is necessary that a certain portion of the finished guide surface be exposed. Thus it is provided that the major portion of the heat flow, particularly in its primary stages, is directed away from the guideway and exposed portion of the valve stem. It will be apparent that this is highly advantageous in that the gases and flame passing through the exhaust port cannot burn or damage the guide and valve parts.

Having described my invention, I claim:

1. In an internal combustion engine, an engine body having a cylinder, said body having a valve structure including an exhaust passageway extending axially from said cylinder, the exhaust valve seat being arranged concentrically of the exhaust passageway, an exhaust valve of sleeve form having a flared head end engageable with said seat, internal and external guides for said exhaust valve of sleeve form, the external guide extending across the exhaust passageway adjacent to the exhaust valve seat, said exhaust valve head including an outwardly formed annular bead in the flared portion thereof, and the outer surface of the valve head between the bead and the seating portion thereof being curved on a radius which directs the gases through the exhaust passageway entirely clear of the valve guide and the sleeve valve beyond the flared head.

.2. In an internal combustion engine, an engine body having a cylinder, said body having a valve structure including an exhaust passageway extending axially from said cylinder, the exhaust valve seat being arranged concentrically of the exhaust passageway, an exhaust valve of sleeve form having a flared head end disposed in the upper part of the cylinder for engagement with said seat, an external guide for said exhaust valve of, sleeve form extending across the exhaust passageway substantially to the exhaust valve seat, said exhaust valve having its head formed for directing the gases through the exhaust passageway entirely clear of the valve guide and the sleeve valve beyond the flared head.

3. In an internal combustion engine, an engine body having a cylinder, said body having a valve structure including, an exhaust passageway extending axially and laterally from said cylinder, the exhaust valve seat being arranged concentrically above the cylinder bore, an exhaust valve of sleeve form having a flared head end disposed in the exhaust outlet and upper part of the cylinder for engagement with said seat, internal and exernal guides for said exhaust valve, said external guide of sleeve form and extending partially across the exhaust passageway, said ex- 5 haust valve head including an annularly formed outwardly disposed hump in the flared portion thereof, and the outer surface of the valve head between the hump and the seating portion thereof being concave whereby the hot gases are directed through the exhaust passageway away from the external valve guide and the sleeve valve beyond the flared head.

4. In an internal combustion engine, including a body having a cylinder and a valve structure including an exhaust passagewaytherein and an exhaust valve seat in said passageway; an exhaust valve of sleeve form extended across said exhaust passageway and having a head adapted to engage said seat, a guide surrounding the body of said valve and extended partially across said exhaust passageway, said valve head formed for deflecting the hot exhaust gases away from the portion of the body of said valve and the portion of said guide disposed in said passageway.

5. In an internal combustion engine including the engine body having a cylinder and a Valve structure including an exhaust passageway; an exhaust valve disposed across the exhaust passageway and adapted to seat at the upper end of the cylinder, a guide surrounding the stem of said valve, said exhaust valve being of sleeve construction and including a flared head end, said flared end formed on three radii presenting annular outer surfaces concave in cross section and. an intermediate outer annular surface convex in cross section, the intermediate surface being extended sufficiently in conjunction with the end of. the head for deflecting the hot gases passing between the end of the head and the seat, in an arc and entirely away from the stem of the valve and the guide where they extend across the exhaust passageway.

6. In an internal combustion engine, an engine body including a cylinder block and head, a piston in the cylinder of the block, said body having an inlet passageway leading to the cylinder and having an exhaust outlet leading from said cylinder, an exhaust valve guide mounted in said cylinder head, concentrically disposed inlet and exhaust valves mounted in said guide for controlling the respective passageways, said exhaust valve being slidably mounted in said guide and having a head for closing said outlet, the outer surface of said exhaust Valve head having an outwardly extending heel integrally formed therewith and positioned adjacent said exhaust outlet, the inner surface of one end of said guide being inclined outwardly and having the same contour as the adjacent outer surface of said heel 60 whereby a space is provided between said exhaust valve and said end of said guide when said exhaust valve is in closed position, said heel of said exhaust valve head being received in said space when said exhaust valve is in open position and said heel being adapted to deflect the burned fuel gases which escape from said cylinder through said outlet and shield said exhaust valve guide therefrom.

'7. In an internal combustion engine, an engine body including a cylinder block and head, a piston in the cylinder of the block, said body having an inlet passageway leading to the cylinder and having an exhaust outlet leading from said cylinder, a valve guide mounted in said cyl- 76 inder head, inlet and exhaust valves mounted in said guide for controlling the respective passageways, said exhaust valve being slidably mounted in said guide and having a head for closing said outlet, the outer surface of said exhaust valve head having an outwardly extending heel integrally formed therewith and positioned adjacent said exhaust outlet, said heel being adapted to deflect the burned fuel gases which escape from said cylinder through said outlet and shield said exhaust valve guide therefrom.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a body having a cylinder therein, an engine head including an intake passageway and an outlet passageway, said passageways including valve seats, valves controlling the respective passageways, said exhaust valve having a stem of tubular form and including a flared head the outer end of which is adapted to engage the valve seat of the exhaust passageway, said valve head including an outwardly disposed circumferential bead formed integrally therewith between the seating portion thereof and the tubular stem thereof. for deflecting the burned fuel gases away from the valve stem.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a body having a cylinder therein, an engine head incorporating an inlet passageway and an outlet passageway, said passageways including valve formed integrally with said flared head for de- 7 fleeting the hot exhaust gases away from the valve stem.

10. In an internal combustion engine, a body including a cylinder and an exhaust passageway therefrom, said passageway including an exhaust valve seat, an exhaust valve extended across said exhaust passageway, said exhaust valve including a stem of tubular form and an outwardly flared head the outer margin of which is adapted to engage said seat, said flared valve head including a circumferential hump formed therein between the seating head and the tubular valve stem, said hump disposed beyond the outer surface of the valve stem and adapted to deflect the hot exhaust gases completely away from the valve stem.

VICTOR F. ZAHODIAKIN. 

